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Santalum album

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees, 4–9 m, upright or clambering, sprawling among other vegetation; branches slightly angular–striate.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate to lanceolate–elliptic, 3.5–6 × 1.1–2.3 cm. Apex obtuse or acute. Upper surfaces shiny, darker green than abaxial surface. Margins entire. Veins brochidodromous. Petioles 2–ribbed, 1–1.8 cm. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and ± axillary, compound cymes; peduncles 4–11 mm. Flowers bisexual (perfect), 3–4 mm, pedicels to 1 mm. Calyx (sepals) absent. Petals turning rose to crimson red or maroon through maturation, reflexed, triangular, 2 mm. Stamens 4(5). Post–staminal hairs white, long, coarse; nectary lobes reddish, ovate, prominent; Stamens situated between nectary lobes; filaments longer than anther, positioning anthers above nectary lobes at height of stigma. Ovary inferior; styles 2 mm.

Fruit: Pseudodrupes nearly spherical; 7 × 8 mm; borne on short peduncle; often 1 per dichasium; epicarp dark red to black; mesocarp smooth. Seeds 1 per fruit; spheric.

Ploidy: 2n = 20

Habitat: Overgrown pine rocklands.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Only found in cultivation
Maui Potentially naturalizing

Dispersal Agents

Birds
Forestry

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 349 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1220 (K?, O? [forestry planting, but no nat. spms.]); Staples & Herbst 2005:511 (DESCR); Frohlich & Lau 2008:9 (NEWNAT/O, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum album Waimea Canyon; Koaie Trail, 1/2 mile from stream crossing growing with Furcraea foetida and Syzygium cumini. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1763 Kauai BISH 1986-06-03
2 Santalum album Honolulu, King Str., near former Office of Forestry; few m Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5919 Oahu BISH 1964-04-19
3 Santalum album Honolua, Papua Gulch In Lowland Mesic Shrubland; another tree observed on ridge above adjacent to abandoned pineapple fields; probably formerly cultivated. Associated vegetation: Dodonaea, Osteomeles, Leptecophylla, Wikstroemia, Metrosideros, Carex, Alyxia, Cocculus, Sphenomeris, Psilotum, Pityrogramma, Casuarina, Grevillea, Andropogon. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50503 Maui BISH 2005-05-24
4 Santalum album Honolulu, private garden of Mr. E.J.Rodenhurst, 4753 Farmers Rd; few m Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5868 Oahu BISH 1964-04-05
5 Santalum album Lyon Arboretum; upper lawn Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 264 Oahu BISH 1967-07-14
6 Santalum album Marconi Pass Trail, near Palohua, Waianae Range, Oahu, Windward slope Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 21415 Oahu BISH 1947-04-20
7 Santalum album Pacific Tropical Botanic Garden; Iliau Loop Trail Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2221 Kauai BISH 1971-11-01
8 Santalum album Honolulu, Mrs. Bolte's residence Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1961-10-30
9 Santalum album no specific locality given HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/1/2009
10 Santalum album August Ahrens School, 94-1170 Waipahu St., Waipahu, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Clay, H.F. Oahu BISH 1975-10-03
11 Santalum album Honolulu, Farmers Road Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1964-04-05
12 Santalum album Punahou campus Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-06-01
13 Santalum album Honolulu, Farmers Road Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1964-04-05
14 Santalum album Lanikai Hills. Trail from Country Club about halfway to highest point Preserved_Specimen Jacobson, J.D. Oahu BISH 1990-12-30
15 Santalum album Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1956-06-06
16 Santalum album University of Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Urata, U. Oahu BISH 1952-12-18
17 Santalum album Punahou campus Preserved_Specimen Judd, C.S. Oahu BISH 1933-05-05
18 Santalum album Wailua homesteads, Don Garcia property Preserved_Specimen Bembower, W. Kauai BISH 1946-11-07
19 Santalum album Hauula, Cooper Ranch Preserved_Specimen Cooper, W.J. Oahu BISH 1938-08-05
20 Santalum album no specific locality given HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/1/2009
21 Santalum album Hauula loop trail, ridge E of Kaipapau gulch area with secondary vegetation Preserved_Specimen Kiehn, M. 94091111 Oahu BISH 1994-09-11
22 Santalum album Honolulu District, Ahupuaa of Kahaiki, Fort Shafter Military Reservation, west side of parking lot behind building T-1 A single cultivated tree. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9824 Oahu BISH 1997-07-03
23 Santalum album Ft. Shafter Flats, near Firestone. UTM 615219, 2359826. Lowland urban setting. Preserved_Specimen Kawelo, K. 392 Oahu BISH 2015-06-08
24 Santalum album Grounds of former Barbers Point Naval Air Station Growing between abandoned runways on the northeast corner of the property. Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. Oahu BISH 2008-02-14
25 Santalum album Koolau Range at water tank Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 249 Oahu BISH 1955-01-08
26 Santalum album Foster Botanic Garden partial shade; crowded by other trees. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1766 Oahu BISH 1985-12-23
27 Santalum album Diamond Head, Diamond Head Circle. UTM 2352279 623352 Coastal empty residential weed lot. Preserved_Specimen Lau, A. Oahu BISH
28 Santalum album Waipahu, Ewa District On grounds of August Ahrens School near Waipahu St. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1829 Oahu BISH 1979-01-20
29 Santalum album Growing on corner of Monsarrat ave and Kanaina ave as a shade tree. Growing along wall with Murraya paniculata and Passiflora edulis. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 573 Oahu BISH 2023-02-11
30 Santalum album Lyon Arboretum growing in parking lot area closest to visitor center. Growing with Asplenium nidus, Davallia solida, various Bromeliaceae, and some Tabebuia. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 580 Oahu BISH 2023-05-01
31 Santalum album Hauula Mesic forest. Wet partial shade. Associated; Casuarina equisetifolia, Syzygium cumini, Miconia crenata, Psidium cattleyanum, Acacia confusa, Clusia rosea, Grevillea robusta, Passiflora laurifolia.. Preserved_Specimen Arthur, K. 30 Oahu BISH 2025-01-28
32 Santalum album Honolulu, Mau'umae nature park, trail though upper portion of park Dry, sunny, scrubby area along road Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2371 Oahu BISH 2022-05-14
33 Santalum album Abandoned railroad tracks, near Renton Road, Ewa. Growing under a bridge in a ditch with Pithecellobium and Citharexylum. Preserved_Specimen Ross, M.C. 1899 Oahu BISH 2023-02-27
34 Santalum album Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range With Pithocelobium dulce, Leucaena leucocephala, and Pluchea carolinensis. Growing in twiggy mulch interspersed with limestone cobble. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 56 Oahu BISH 2021-05-05
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